Track Categories
The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
Anatomical pathology is a medical speciality that focuses on disease diagnosis using physical, microscopic, chemical, immunologic, and molecular examinations of organs, tissues, and complete bodies. Clinical pathology, the diagnosis of disease through laboratory investigation of biological fluids and tissues, and medical practice of pathology are the two primary branches of the Anatomical pathology.
The study of disease in organs, tissues, and cells is referred to as cellular pathology. Histopathology and cytopathology are important diagnostic tests in the early detection and diagnosis of cancer and other disorders, with new molecular techniques supporting them. The cervical cytology screening programme finds latent disease in healthy women and helps to prevent cancer. In post-diagnostic treatment, cellular pathologists can provide information on prognosis and assist in directing therapy correctly.
Clinical pathology is a medical speciality concerned with the diagnosis of disease utilising the techniques of chemistry, clinical microbiology, haematology, and molecular pathology in the laboratory examination of body fluids such as blood and urine, as well as tissues. Medical technologists, hospital administrations, and referring physicians all collaborate closely with clinical pathologists. They use automated analysers and cultures to perform a wide range of studies on the biophysical properties of tissue samples.
Cytopathology is a discipline of pathology concerned with the study and diagnosis of illnesses at the cellular level. It is most commonly used to diagnose cancer, but it can also be used to diagnose some viral diseases and other inflammatory illnesses, as well as thyroid lesions, disorders involving sterile body cavities, and a variety of other body sites. Cytopathology is commonly utilised on samples of free cells or tissue fragments. Cytology samples, on the other hand, can be prepared in a variety of techniques, including cytocentrifugation.
Dermatopathology is an anatomic pathology specialist that studies the skin and the rest of the integumentary system as an organ. Most skin disorders may be identified by dermatologists based on their appearances, anatomic distributions, and behaviour. When those criteria do not lead to a definitive diagnosis, a skin biopsy is collected and evaluated under a microscope using standard histological testing. The scope of dermatopathology is one of the most difficult aspects of the field. There are around 1500 different types of skin problems.
Diagnostic Pathology is a discipline of medicine that deals with the inspection of body tissues. Microscopical examination of aberrant tissue development, illness diagnosis, histopathology of lesions, and occasionally post-mortem examination, it does critical diagnosis research in surgical pathology. Diagnostic pathology is required to evaluate unexpected disease or death in laboratory animal colonies, as well as to conclude a study.
Experimental pathology is a branch of pathology that analyses disease processes using microscopic or molecular examinations of organs, cells, tissues, or bodily fluids from diseased organisms. Tumour biology, carcinogenesis and metastasis, UV carcinogenesis, cancer immunology, wound healing, stem cell biology, HIV, HCV, and herpes virus infection, and bacterial pathogenesis are among the primary research fields. Each of these could have clinical implications.
The field of forensic pathology is concerned with ascertaining the cause of death through post-mortem examination of a body. A medical examiner is usually the one who performs an autopsy. Examining tissue specimens for the presence or absence of natural disease and other microscopic findings, interpreting toxicology on body tissues and fluids to determine the chemical cause of overdoses, poisonings, or other cases involving toxic agents, and examining physical trauma are some of the methods forensic scientists use to determine death.
The study of illnesses of blood cells, tissues, and organs that make up the hematopoietic system is known as hematopathology. The hematopoietic system includes bone marrow, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues, as well as tissues and organs that create and/or largely host hematopoietic cells. Biopsies of lymph nodes, bone marrow, and other tissues affected by a hematopoietic infiltration are examined by the hematopathologist.
The microscopic examination of various types of human tissue is referred to as histopathology. Histopathology refers to a pathologist's evaluation of a biopsy or surgical specimen after it has been processed and histological sections have been mounted on glass slides in clinical medicine. Surgery, biopsy, or autopsies are used to begin the histopathological investigation of tissues. The tissue is extracted from an organism's body and placed in a fixative that stabilises the tissues and keeps them from decaying. Formalin is the most common fixative however frozen section fixing is also prevalent.
Immunopathology is a discipline of medicine that studies disease-related immunological responses. It entails the investigation of an organism's, organ systems, or disease's pathology in relation to the immune system, immunity, and immunological responses. It is a term used in biology to describe the harm caused by an organism's own immune response as a result of an infection. It could be due to a pathogen-host species mismatch, which happens frequently when an animal pathogen infects a human. Immunopathology can relate to how exogenous antigens induce the immune system to react, as well as issues that can occur from an organism's own immune response.
Detection, study, and surveillance of emerging and re-emerging pathogens have historically relied heavily on the work of infectious pathologists. Infectious pathology is especially significant in three areas of disease research: diagnosis, outbreak investigations and surveillance, and pathogenesis understanding. Developing control and preventative strategies, as well as understanding the disease process and proper treatment, need a definitive diagnosis for a disease or condition.
The study and diagnosis of disease through the investigation of molecules within organs, tissues, and physiological fluids is the focus of molecular pathology. In the diagnosis of cancer and infectious disorders, molecular pathology is extensively used. Melanoma, brainstem glioma, brain tumours, and a variety of other malignancies and infectious disorders are all detected using molecular pathology. The methods employed are based on analysing DNA and RNA samples. For gene therapy and illness diagnosis, pathology is commonly used.
The study of disease of nervous system tissue, usually in the form of surgical biopsies or, in the event of autopsy, complete brains, is known as neuropathology. A biopsy of nerve tissue is obtained from the brain or spinal cord to aid in diagnosis if a nervous system disease is suspected and diagnosis cannot be made using less invasive methods. When a mass is found by medical imaging, a biopsy is frequently ordered. The neuropathologist's main role in autopsies is to assist in the post-mortem identification of numerous disorders affecting the central nervous system.
Ocular pathology deals with the study of the nature of illnesses of the eye and its surrounding structures, their effects on ocular tissues and functions, as well as the causes and therapy of these disorders. Light microscopy and macroscopy techniques are used to study about the diseased tissue. Immunohistochemistry, molecular testing, and electron microscopy are some of the other techniques used.
The American Dental Association recognises nine dental specialties, while oral and maxillofacial pathology is frequently considered a specialty of both dentistry and pathology. The speciality focuses on odontogenic, infectious, epithelial, salivary gland, bone, and soft tissue disorders that impact the oral cavity and associated maxillofacial structures, including but not limited to odontogenic, infectious, epithelial, salivary gland, bone, and soft tissue maladies. It also has a lot of overlap with the discipline of dental pathology.
The study of disease is known as pathology. It functions as a link between science and medicine. It supports every element of patient care, from diagnostic tests to treatment recommendations to the use of cutting-edge genetic technology and disease prevention. "That branch of medicine that deals with the essential character of disease" is how pathology is defined.
The diagnosis and characterisation of neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders of the lungs and thoracic pleura are the focus of pulmonary pathology, a specialisation of anatomic pathology. Bronchoscopic Trans bronchial biopsy, CT-guided percutaneous biopsy, and video-assisted thoracic surgery are all common ways to collect diagnostic specimens. These tests may be required to distinguish between infection, inflammation, and fibrosis.
Renal pathology is concerned with the diagnosis and classification of kidney disease. Kidney pathologists collaborate closely with nephrologists and transplant surgeons in a medical context, where diagnostic specimens are often obtained via percutaneous renal biopsy. To make a definitive diagnosis, the renal pathologist must combine data from classic microscope histology, electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence. The glomerulus, tubules and interstitium, vasculature, or a mix of these compartments may be affected by medical renal disorders.
The study of tissues removed from live patients during surgery to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of disease is known as surgical pathology. Surgical pathologists consult on a variety of organ systems and medical subspecialties on a regular basis. Biopsies and surgical resections are the two most common types of specimens submitted for surgical pathology investigation. A biopsy is a small piece of tissue that is removed for surgical pathology study, usually to provide a definitive diagnosis. Surgical resection specimens are collected by surgically removing a whole diseased region or organ for therapeutic purposes.
Chemical pathology is the study of the body's chemical and biochemical pathways in relation to disease, usually through the examination of bodily fluids like blood or urine. Many disorders cause major changes in the chemical composition of body fluids, such as elevated blood enzymes after a heart attack due to their release from heart muscles, or elevated blood sugar in diabetes mellitus due to a lack of insulin. Tests are meant to detect these alterations in terms of quality or quantity when compared to healthy people's results.
Clinical trials are human research studies that are used to assess the effectiveness of a medicinal, surgical, or behavioural intervention. A clinical trial is used to see if a novel therapy is more successful than the current treatment and/or has fewer negative side effects. Other clinical studies try to figure out how to detect an illness early. Others are experimenting with techniques to avoid a health problem. A clinical study may also look at ways to improve the lives of people who are dealing with a life-threatening illness or a chronic health issue. Caregivers and support groups are occasionally studied in clinical studies. Clinical trials go through four stages in order to evaluate a medication, determine the proper dosage, and examine for negative effects. If researchers discover a medicine or other intervention to be safe and effective after the first three phases, the FDA authorises it for clinical use and continues to evaluate its effects.
Nano medicine is a novel concept that encompasses nanotechnology with medicine in order to find new treatments and enhance existing ones. Nano medicine involves manipulating atoms and molecules to create nanostructures that are the same size as biomolecules for interaction with human cells. It will improve illness detection and treatment, as well as lead to novel techniques in a variety of medical fields. The term "nano medicine" refers to the applications of nanotechnology in screening, diagnosis, and treatment.